Сторінка
4
38. Name some of the biggest waves of immigration to the US.
1604,1607 Europe (France, England, Holland, Sweden, Germany) –people seeking wealth, land and freedom – a better life.
1620 England –pilgrims in search of religious freedom.
1775-1783 Holland, Germany, France, Switzerland, Spain, Scotland.
1619-1808 Africa – people brought unwillingly as slaves.
1840-1860 Europe – famine, poor crops, rising populations, political unrest.
1845-1850 Ireland –famine, poor potato crops.
1861-1865 Germany – the federal government encouraged immigration by offering grants of land to those who would serve as troops in the armies of the North.
1880’s-1925 Italy, Greece + Eastern Europe (Jews who suffered from fierce pogroms – massacres).
After 1945 Europe– refugees who were uprooted by the horrors of war.
1956-1969 Hungary, Czech Republic – after the Soviet Unio crushed the attempt to establish a non-communist government.
1959 Cuba – after Fidel Castro took control of Cuba.
1975-1980s Cuba, Southeast Asia, Vietnam, Cambodia, The Lao People’s Democratic Republic – political refugees + economical refugees.
1990s Ireland, Canada, Poland, Indonesia – skilled workers and professionals.
1990s Bangladesh, Pakistan, Peru, Egypt, Tobago – “diversity visas”.
1990s – The Soviet Union, Vietnam, Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan etc - refugees, fear of persecution.
39. What were the reasons of a big immigration wave from Ireland in the middle of the 1911'century?
1845-1850 Ireland –famine, poor potato crops.
40. What attracted many Germans who came to the US during the Civil War?
1861-1865 Germany – the federal government encouraged immigration by offering grants of land to those who would serve as troops in the armies of the North.
41. When and why did the massive Jewish immigration to the US begin?
1880’s-1925 Eastern Europe -Jews who suffered from fierce pogroms (massacres).
42. Have there been any examples of unwilling immigration to the US?
1619-1808 Africa –500000 people were brought to the colonies unwillingly as slaves. 1808- importing slaves became a crime.
43. Give examples of the laws passed by the US Congress to limit the number of immigrants.
1882 – the US government banned most Chinese immigration. Other Asians were refused to entry as well.
1924 The Reed-Johnson immigration act (set limits on how many people from each foreign country would be permitted to immigrate.)
1965 – a new law signed by President Johnson ended the old system of immigration. No more consideration of peoples’ country of origin, the USA has accepted immigrants strictly on the basis of who applies firs within overall annual limits.
44. Where is the museum of immigration to the US situated? Ellis Island in New York Harbor, New York, was the gateway to a new life in the USA for over 12 million immigrants between the years 1892 and 1924. A former reception centre for immigrants during the immigration waves between 1892 and 1943 (12 million people passed through it from 1892 to 1924), it was later used (until 1954) as a detention centre for nonresidents without documentation, or for those who were being deported. Ellis Island is now a national historic site (1964) and contains the Museum of Immigration (1989).
45. What were the reasons why people at different times left their home countries for America? Search of better life, political and religious persecution, new lands, etc
46. What have the immigrants always been seeking in the US? Wealth, land and freedom – a better life.
47. What was the port of entry for the immigrants in the past? 1892 –the government opened a special port of entry in New York harbor, Ellis Island.
48. What do you know about the Statue of Liberty?
The Statue of Liberty National Monument officially celebrated her 100th birthday on October 28, 1986. The people of France gave the Statue to the people of the United States over one hundred years ago in recognition of the friendship established during the American Revolution. Over the years, the Statue of Liberty has grown to include freedom and democracy as well as this international friendship. Located on 12-acre Liberty Island in New York Harbor.
Sculptor Frederic Auguste Bartholdi was commissioned to design a sculpture with the year 1876 in mind for completion, to commemorate the centennial of the American Declaration of Independence.
The Statue of Liberty began lightning the way for new arrivals just at a time when native-born Americans began worrying that the US was being overrun by immigrants.
49. What American states suffer most of all from illegal immigration? US-Mexican border
Texas, California, Florida from Mexico, Latin America, Cuba, Gaiety.
50. What problems are created by illegal immigrants in the US? Crime; illegal immigration holds down the pay of American workers: ultra-cheap laborers (illegal immigrants) are unlikely to complain about their abysmal pay, lack of benefits or unpleasant working conditions; illegal immigrants are not just underpaid; they are very likely to suffer work-related disabilities which are not covered by insurance. They often do not have a place to live. Since they usually do not get any benefits, their care increasingly has become the responsibility of the state government.
51. Give the English for "біженець; шукати політичного притулку; підданий іншої країни, що мешкає в державі”. Refugee, asylum seeker, to seek asylum, alien (legal/illegal).
52. Comment on the expression "the melting pot".
The melting pot is a metaphor for the way in which heterogenous societies develop, in which the ingredients in the pot (people of different cultures and religions) are combined so as to lose their discrete identities and yield a final product of uniform consistency and flavor, which is quite different from the original inputs.
Завантажити реферат